Evaluation Of An Error Control Codec Information Technology Essay

Evaluation Of An Error Control Codec Information Technology Essay The assignments object is to design and evaluate an error control codec. This aims to prove in practice the Hamming code theory. In the first part there is a design of an encoder and its simulation. From the encoder simulation we can figure how the code words are generated and when a codeword is valid. The decoder purpose is to recover the codeword from the received word. To accomplish this, syndrome theory was used. A design and a simulation of the decoder is shown in answer 2. Final, a codec is designed with an addition of XOR gates to introduce errors. The main reason of this is to understand why Hamming code can detect 2 errors and correct only one. Introduction to Hamming linear block codes Noise causes errors (data distortion) during transmission. So, a received message has bit errors. A repercussion of noise is the alteration of one or more bits of a codeword. Alteration of a bit means inversion of its situation because signals have binary form. Some examples of noisy communication channels are: a) an analogue telephone line which, over which two modems communicate digital information and b) a disk drive. There are two solutions that can achieve perfect communication over an imperfect noisy communication channel, physical and system solution. Physical modifications increase the cost of the communication channel. Information theory and coding theory offer an alternative approach: we accept the given noisy channel as it is and add communication systems to it, so that we can detect and correct the errors introduced by the channel. As shown in figure 1, we add an encoder before the channel and a decoder after it. The encoder encodes the source message s into a transmitted message t, adding redundancy to the original message in some way. The channel adds noise to the transmitted message, yielding a received message r. The decoder uses the known redundancy introduced by the encoding system to infer both the original signal and the added noise. Figure 1 Error correcting codes for the binary symmetric channel [1] The only cost for system solution is a computational requirement at the encoder and decoder. Error detection and error correction In order to make error correction possible, the bit errors must be detected. When an error has been detected, the correction can be obtained by: a) receiver asks for repeated transmission of the incorrect codeword until a correct one has been received Æ’Â   Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) b) using the structure of the error correcting code to correct the error Æ’Â   Forward Error Correction (FEC). Forward Error Correction is been use for this assignment. Error Detection Automatic Repeat Request Forward Error Correction Block Code Block Code Convolutional Code Figure 2 The main methods to introduce error correction coding Linear block codes Linear block codes are a class of parity check codes that can be characterized by the (n, k) notation. The encoder transforms a block of k message digits into a longer block of n codeword digits constructed from a given alphabet of elements. When the alphabet consists of two elements (0 and 1), the code is a binary code comprising binary digits (bits).[4] The current assignment of linear block codes is restricted to binary codes. The output of an information source is a sequence of binary digits 0 or 1 (since we discuss about binary codes). In block coding, this binary information sequence is segmented into message blocks of fixed length. Each block can represent any of 2k distinct messages. The channel encoder transforms each k-bit data block into a larger block of n bits, called code bits. The (n-k) bits, which the channel encoder adds to each data block, are called redundant or parity bits. Redundant or parity bits carry no information. Such a code is referred to as an (n, k) code. [5] The encoding result is the codeword. Any generator matrix of an (n, k) code can be reduced by row operations and column permutations to the systematic form. [6] We call a systematic code the code where the first k digits (information or message bits) of the code word are exactly the same as the message bits block and the last n-k digits are the parity bits as it shown below. Message Information bits Redundant or parity bits k n-k n digit codeword Figure 3 (n, k systematic block code) Encoding and Decoding of Linear Block Codes The generator matrix is a matrix of basis vectors. The generator matrix G for an (n, k) block code can be used to generate the appropriate n-digit codeword from any given k-digit data sequence. The H and corresponding G matrices for the current assignment block code (6, 3) are shown below: Æ’Â   H is the parity check matrix Æ’Â   G is the generator matrix The first three columns are the data bits and the rest three columns are the parity bits. Systematic code words are sometimes written so that the message bits occupy the left hand portion of the codeword and the parity bits occupy the right hand portion. This reordering has no effect on the error detection or error correction properties of the code.[4] Study of G shows that on the left of the dotted partition there is a 33 unit diagonal matrix and on the right of the partition there is a parity check section. This part of G is the transpose of the left hand portion of H. As this code has a single error correcting capability then dmin, and the weight of the codeword must be 3. As the identity matrix has a single one in each row then the parity check section must contain at least two ones. In addition to this constraint, rows cannot be identical. [7] The parity check bits are selected so they are independent of each other. The Hamming distance between two code words is defined as the number of bits in which they differ. The weight of a binary codeword is defined as the number of ones which it contains (the number of the nonzero elements-bits). The codeword is given by the multiplication of data bits and the generator matrix. The operations of modulo-2 multiplication (AND) and modulo-2 addition (EXOR) are used for the binary field. Æ’Â   EXOR addition Æ’Â   AND multiplication The parity check equations are shown below: If the components of the output transmission satisfy these equations: then the received codeword is valid. These equations can be written in a matrix form: where c is the codeword. The syndrome Let c be a code vector which was transmitted over a noisy channel. At the receiver we might obtain a corrupted vector r. Decoder must recover c from r. The decoder computes, S=Hr where S is called the syndrome and r is the received vector (arranged as a column vector) then if, then r is not a code word. The syndrome is the result of a parity check performed on r to determine whether r is a valid member of the codeword set. If r is a member the syndrome S has a value 0. If r contains detectable errors, the syndrome has some nonzero value. The decoder will take actions to locate the errors and correct them in the case of FEC. No column of H can be all zeros, or else an error in the corresponding codeword position would not affect the syndrome and would be undetectable. All columns of H must be unique. If two columns of H were identical, errors in these two corresponding codeword positions would be indistinguishable. [4] Hamming code can correct a single bit error and detect two bit errors assuming no correction is attempted. Answers to assignment questions Task 1 Design the encoder for a (6,3) Hamming single error correcting codec using the interleaved [P1P2D1P3D2D3] format. You can implement your parity generation using XOR gates. Simulate your circuit to check for correct operation. Answer 1 An encoder is a device used to change a signal (such as a bitstream) or data into a code. The code may serve any of a number of purposes such as compressing information for transmission or storage, encrypting or adding redundancies to the input code, or translating from one code to another. This is usually done by means of a programmed algorithm, especially if any part is digital, while most analog encoding is done with analog circuitry. [3] Encoder creates the codeword in a combination of information and parity bits. Interleaving is a way to arrange data in a non-contiguous way in order to increase performance and avoid burst errors. In our case we use interleaved to protect the data bits from continuous error. Figure 4 Encoder design for a (6,3) Hamming single error correcting codec Since the encoder is for a (6,3) Hamming single error correcting codec, that means there are 3 information bits and 3 parity bits. Thus, 8 code words are generated from the encoder Æ’Â   2k where k are information bits Æ’Â   23=8. The H and G matrix are shown below for a (6, 3) Hamming code: All possible code words Message x G = Codeword Weight [000] x G 000000 0 [001] x G 001011 3 [010] x G 010101 3 [100] x G 100110 3 [011] x G 011110 4 [101] x G 101101 4 [110] x G 110011 4 [111] x G 111000 3 Table 1 All possible code words The minimum distance is dmin=3 Figure 5 Encoder simulation Checking if c=(D1D2D3P1P2P3) is a codeword The EXOR gate () is a logic gate that gives an output of 1 when only one of its inputs is 1. X1 (Input) X2 (Input) Y1 (Output) 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 Table 2 Truth table of EXOR Gate Æ’Â   Æ’Â   Æ’Â   Æ’Â   Æ’Â   Æ’Â   c is a valid codeword. Task 2 Design the decoder for a (6,3) Hamming single error correcting coded using the interleaved [P1P2D1P3D2D3] format. You can use a 3-to-8 line decoder for syndrome decoding and XOR gates for the controlled inversion. Simulate your circuit to check for correct operation. Answer 2 A decoder is a device which does the reverse of an encoder, undoing the encoding so that the original information can be retrieved. The same method used to encode is usually just reversed in order to decode. [3] Decoder tries to reveal the correct data word from the codeword. Thus means that here is the process where detection and correction of codeword take place. Figure 6 Decoder design for a (6.3) Hamming single error correcting codec Decode the received codeword Figure 7 Decoder simulation r is the received word Æ’Â   111000 Æ’Â   Æ’Â   r is code word Task 3 Join your encoder to decoder and add an XOR gate with an input in each bit transmission line to allow you to introduce errors into the transmission. Simulate your circuit and check that it can cope with the six single errors as expected. Answer 3 Figure 8 Codec desing Figure 9 Six single errors As it shown from the above figure the codec can cope with the six single errors. This is possible because: Message x G = Encoder Codeword Weight [000] x G à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 000000 0 [001] x G à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 001011 3 [010] x G à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 010101 3 [100] x G à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 100110 3 [011] x G à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 011110 4 [101] x G à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 101101 4 [110] x G à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 110011 4 [111] x G à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 111000 3 Table 3 All possible code words and their hamming weight The minimum distance of a linear block code is defined as the smallest Hamming distance between any pair of code words in the code.[5] The minimum distance is dmin=3. The error correcting capability t of a code is defined as the maximum number of guaranteed correctable errors per codeword. where t is the error correcting capability For dmin=3 we can see that all t=1 bit error patterns are correctable. In general, a t-error correcting (n, k) linear code is capable of correcting a total of 2n-k error patterns.[4] Task 4 By experimenting with your implemented codec, examine the effect, in terms of additional errors, of (i) all 15 double errors, (ii) all 20 triple errors, (iii) all 15 quadruple errors, (iv) all 6 quintuple errors, (v) the single sextuple error. Note. You only need consider one of the 8 possible input data words. Why? Answer 4 (i) Figure 10 15 double errors (ii) Figure 11 20 triple errors (iii) Figure 12 15 quadruple errors (iv) Figure 13 6 quintuple errors (v) Figure 14 The single sextuple error Since the error correcting capability is tà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤1, our codec cant detect or correct more than 1 error. Thus, the above results. Task 5 Calculate the post codec probability of a code being in error, A(n), for each of the five categories examined in Task 4. Then calculate the overall number of errors per 6 bit word, Eav, given by the following model based on the binomial distribution as function of the channel bit error probability p. Plot the decoded error probability as function of p. Over what range of p do you conclude that this codec is useful and why? Answer 5 A(n)=1-(number of correct errors/number of total errors) A(n) is going to be always 1 except the case where the codec detects and corrects 1 single error Æ’Â   then A(n)=1 Using matlab for the plot p=[0:0.01:1]; Eav=[15*p.^2.*(1-p).^4+20*p.^3.*(1-p).^3+15*p.^4.*(1-p).^2+6*p.^5.*(1-p).^1+p.^6.*(1-p).^0];pd=Eav/6; plot(p,pd) xlabel(Bit error probability (p)) ylabel(Decoder error probability Pd(p)) grid on Figure 15 Plot of decoder error probability (pd) as function of p Conclusions Parity bits must be added for the error detection and correction. Hamming distance is the criterion for error detection and correction. Error detection can be done with addition of one parity bit but error correction needs more parity bits (Hamming code). Hamming code can detect 2 bit errors assuming no correction is attempted. Hamming code can correct only a single bit error. The ability to correct single bit errors comes at a cost which is less than sending the entire message twice. Sending a message twice is not accomplish an error correction.

Plastic Surgery On Society Health And Social Care Essay

The promotions in engineering in medical scientific discipline have opened the doors to better intervention possibilities with minimum side effects being witnessed station intervention. Peoples are now able to avail interventions for such complications which require extremely complex and minute processs to be performed where the deductions of the being of mistakes are extremely fatal. With the inclusion of robotic engineering and advanced medical equipment substructure, processs have now become extremely convenient and accessible to the people and this feasibleness has besides enabled the health care professionals to supply better medical service to the consumers ( Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Overview, 2008 ) . The development of plastic surgery that has been witnessed over the recent old ages has given rise to assorted chances wherein the usage of medical engineerings are being used to heighten personal physical characteristics instead than seeing the medical processs as a agency of intervention of unwellnesss. Among these processs, plastic surgery is the most widely sought characteristic alteration and sweetening methods which have enabled farther developments in the medical field. Plastic surgery had originated as a means to supply rehabilitative steps for the damaged parts of the physical parts of the organic structure. These parts can acquire damaged or injured due to accidents or assorted other stimulation. Plastic surgery aims at retracing and / or modifying the visual aspect every bit good as the map of the several limb ( Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Overview, 2008 ) . Plastic surgery is divided into two parts, decorative plastic surgery and rehabilitative plastic surgery. Cosmetic surgery seeks to better the patient ‘s characteristics on a strictly beauty degree. Reconstructive surgery seeks to repair any physical characteristic, which is deformed by unwellness, accidents or birth defect or imperfectness. It besides provides a important grade of functional sweetening so as to enable the patient to recover most of the existent functionality which existed for the several portion. Traditionally these procedures have been used to handle amendss and conceal the cicatrixs originating out of deep lesions or skin harm. Reconstructive surgery is besides being considered as a feasible option for those who want to heighten one ‘s mobility and functionality in instances of incidents which render a individual partly disable ( Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Overview, 2008 ) . Cosmetic plastic surgery nevertheless is one of the most popular medical processs to be undertaken today with the advancement of this process being witnessed geographically. This has been farther strengthened by the presence of medical touristry possibilities which has enhanced the possibilities for availing the decorative intervention in foreign locations. One of the primary grounds which can be attributed to the addition in the use of decorative surgery processs is the desire of the people to resemble their favourite famous persons in footings of physical visual aspect and beauty. Peoples have been known to pass immense sums of money and have undertaken painful attempts in order to do themselves similar to the famous persons. Though this may look like a mere captivation and grasp of the famous persons by the fans, there is a dark side to the uninterrupted use of such processs wherein an compulsion is created in the people sing the frequent use of the processs for keeping their cove ted degrees of characteristics. Plastic surgery is associated with a broad scope of results witnessed chiefly on the emotional, psychological and physical degrees. All of these degrees have positive and negative facets associated with them ( Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Overview, 2008 ) . However the current tendency of going competitory in footings of physical characteristics has led to the inauspicious results being witnessed in instances where the patients have resorted to the usage of new unseasoned drugs or in instances when there is a natural inauspicious reaction to the process. In either instance, there is a terrible impact of these processs on the societal environment wherein assorted persons and groups are subjected to the results ( Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Overview, 2008 ) .General Impacts of Lipoplasty:The turning corpulent and fleshy population in the universe today has led people to seek suction lipectomy which is one of most sought decorative processs for cut downing the fat content in the organic structure. However this process has now diversified into processs being conducted on specific parts of the organic structure wherein the fat is removed normally by equipment which is used to suction the fat that is antecedently made into a more liquid pr ovince by agencies of certain chemicals. It is due to this suction of the lipoids that the process has been popularly termed as suction lipectomy. This process is an instant solution to overweight and people are provided important alleviation from traveling to the gym or to set about strenuous exercise agendas. But this process is an invasive procedure affecting the surgical invasion of the equipment into the organic structure and hence like any other surgery, there is a reasonably high hazard of the happening of inauspicious reactions to the process. These hazards are inclusive of bad bruising, thrombophlebitis, redness, Contour Irregularities, numbness, puncturing of the internal variety meats, infections, pneumonic hydrops, pneumonic intercalation, tegument Burnss, and allergic reactions to the processs and / or the drugs used, complications in the lungs or the bosom, lidocaine toxicity and in some instances, even decease. There is a important deficiency of consciousness about su ch processs in the society wherein the people are normally awed by the benefits of the process and in their attempts to accomplish the desired results they overlook the possible hardships which could be experienced by them if equal safeguards are non undertaken ( Sunishka Wimalawansa, 2009 ) . There is a high degree of fight in the society which is characterized by the inordinate accent being maintained on the expressions of a individual. The current tendencies indicate the demand for every person to possess the perfect organic structure and fat free personalities so as to be able to look acceptable in the societal kingdom. The fright of being made merriment of and being pushed away by the society has driven the people, particularly the young person and the aged section to set about such steps. While the young person and the aged cabal of the population have differing demands from the suction lipectomy process, the results have been reported to be drastic which non merely has a durable impact on the emotional kingdom of the people but it has besides driven people to bizarre behaviour. The aged are motivated for following this process as it helps them to look younger even though their natural capacity and opposition is maintained as per their existent age. Social norms and peer force per unit area agents dictate the extent to which the people may travel to transform and modify their visual aspect ( Sadick, 2008 ) . The older cabal ‘s demand to look immature and dissemble one ‘s true age has reached paramount importance in people. They try to copy the famous persons and take attempts to be able to hold a vernal personality like them. These instant alterations are hazards for the people as the famous persons undergo infinite processs affecting big disbursals made in this respect. As a consequence of the high demand for these processs, the medical practicians have increased overall costs of the processs which have resulted in the being of another issue for the society in footings of pecuniary inadequacy. Peoples have been known to pass immense sums of valuable money to set about these processs which may hold a direct impact on the other fundss which the people may hold. Their compulsion with beauty has caused more harm than good when a bulk of the income of the members of the society is being diverted to the payment for the plastic surgeries. Another facet of this state of affairs is t hat people have been known to get loans for obtaining the financess for the intervention processs. These processs are non merely short lived but in order to keep the effectivity of the results, these processs need to be repeated after specific intervals which non merely affects the wellness of the person but besides incurs immense disbursals for the patients ( J & A ; aacute ; vo, 2012 )Emotional and Psychological Impact of Lipoplasty on the Society:Fleshiness is a serious societal immorality where corpulent people are frequently made the topic of jeer and are looked down upon in the society. This behavioural response of the people in the society drives the people to set about such drastic steps to accomplish the coveted physical characteristics. But in this procedure, the people set up really high outlooks from the processs with unreal and excessively ambitious results being expected from the medical practicians. In the event of the accomplishment of fewer results in comparing with the coveted results, the people might come in a province of depression which is further complicated by the deficiency of emotional support being provided to the patients. Another inauspicious result which is apparent in such instances is the return of fleshiness which would impact overall perceptual experience of the patient. When faced with this contradiction, the patient either loses all religion in the processs or is driven to set about more processs till the clip the desired results are achieved. However the human organic structure has adaptability continuance and such drastic and frequent alterations in the organic structure might take to the rejection of the alterations and could give manner to severe complications that would hold a long term impact on the patient ( David J Castle, 2007 ) . Surveies have shown that fleshiness is one such status which can impact the psychological positions of the person. In the event of the development of complexnesss and contraindications in the patients, they may besides be exhibit turns of emotional effusions due to their perceived self image being much more glorious than the existent results. However the psychological facets of suction lipectomy do non ever have a negative result. The other facet of this process is that the decrease in organic structure weight and fat have enabled to do themselves more presentable in societal circles and this has been one of the major factors for the development of ego assurance in the people. In some instances, the effects of suction lipectomy have besides provided the persons with the opportunity of get bying with the quandary of societal individuality and presence quandary. Other plastic surgery processs have enabled people to dissemble their cicatrixs and other such characteristics such as gynaec omastia which may seen socially unacceptable due to their eccentric characteristics and mentality. In footings of suction lipectomy, gynaecomastia is the major issue refering the male population as this status leads to the expansion of the mammary parts in males which makes them resemble like female chests. This is non merely an awkward characteristic sing the image of the male in the society but besides subjects the patient with societal jeer and rejection at times. With the aid of suction lipectomy, the people are able to do themselves more presentable to the society and thereby get awaying jeer or being made the topic of rejection. This is an illustration of the benefits of the use of plastic surgery processs on the emotional and psychological facets of such processs ( David J Castle, 2007 ) . Peoples globally have generated a belief in the society where the demand to hold perfect organic structure proportions defines the mode in which the image of a individual is perceived in the society. This perceptual experience has besides infiltrated the confines of the households where hubbies have expressed an involvement in the physical mentality of their life spouses. If the married womans are unable to follow with their outlooks, so their soldierly relation is frequently nullified as the work forces seek more beautiful opposite numbers for their married womans. Every civilization puts frontward certain features that are preferred in both work forces and adult females and the absence or deficiency of such characteristics causes depression in the people as they are non seen in a feasible place in the society. This besides drives them to set about the surgical processs in order to get the better of their defects. The demand for these processs to be adopted by adult females is acqui ring attending of their hubbies. The positive facets of this scenario are that they are made capable of run intoing the outlooks as per societal norms and in bend they are able to engender spouses with good physical features. They besides develop a higher degree of assurance which enables better interactions to be maintained in the societal kingdom. The negative facets of this scenario is that the possible complications originating from such processs could turn out to be fatal for the patient and their finding to follow with societal norms would merely take to sculpt results being faced by them ( David J Castle, 2007 ) .Effectiveness of the Plastic Surgery Procedures:The effectivity of the plastic surgery processs has ever been a subject of argument as the rating of the results is significantly dependent on the perceptual experiences of the people and the extent to which the surgical process is able to stand up to their outlooks. There are several factors which may take to the devel opment of complications or may even decline the complications that have surfaced in the patients. The bulk of the factors pertain to the physical features of the person and the ability of the individual ‘s immune system to integrate the drugs that are administered in the procedure ( What Is Liposuction? Liposuction Risks And Benefits, 2012 ) . The followers is a summarisation of the factors that contribute to the development of the complications in the patient station operation: Sl. No. Factors impacting Surgery Possible Complications Factors declining Complications 1 Age of Patient Infection at the operation site. Smoke and / or Consumption of spirits in any signifier 2 Overall Patient Health Excessive hemorrhage. Damaging of connective tissues. 3 Patient ‘s Medical History Bruising of the operated site / part. Happening of skin harm due to proviso of radiation therapy. 4 Extent of the abnormalcy / malformation Incomplete healing of lesion. Adverse effects of weakened immune system due to the presence of HIV+ in the patient. 5 Expectations of the patients Surgical complications Poor nutritionary wonts. 6–Complications based on the type of anaesthesia used during the process. Decrease in blood flow station operation which could detain the healing of the operated site and could take to the incurrence of assorted infections. ( Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Overview, 2008 ) The above mentioned factors determine to some extent the predicted result of the surgeries in such conditions. The processs conducted on the patients are irrevokable and irreversible but this does non intend that the effects of the surgery are besides lasting. These alterations last for a limited clip on the footing of the precautional steps and the environmental factors impacting the same ( What Is Liposuction? Liposuction Risks And Benefits, 2012 ) . Procedures such as suction lipectomy have been late reported to hold uneffective results. But the patients do non see their ain personal features or the deficiency of equal attending being given to the operated site. In the instance of such deficiency of attention, there is a high hazard of developing complications. If intelligence of such drastic results are made public so the people are misled either deliberately or accidentally to discourage from utilizing a peculiar engineering. While this may be considered as a positive move being made by the people, the negative facet associated with this is normally ignored as the people do non experience that the other facets have a important impact on their lives. But the mass disincentive to utilize a peculiar engineering has driven people to set about such processs in hastiness which are non certified by authorised organic structures and this subjects them to high hazard of damaging themselves and their external expressions drastically ( W hat Is Liposuction? Liposuction Risks And Benefits, 2012 ) .Research Data Analysis:In order to understand the deductions of plastic surgeries, a study was conducted so as to obtain the sentiment of the people sing the impact of plastic surgery processs, particularly suction lipectomy, on the societal kingdom. ( Please refer to Appendix A for a transcript of the Survey Prepared for obtaining the positions of the people sing plastic surgery. ) The sample size was maintained at 100 respondents consisting of people from all age groups and ethnicity. No specific population has been identified for the research as the society in general is constituted of people belonging to diverse cultural sections.Discussion:On the footing of the replies obtained by the study designed for this study, it was noted that people by and large indulge in plastic surgery today to heighten their characteristics and do themselves more attractive while avoiding the existent functional usage of the plastic surgeries. The attainment of a perfect figure was the primary ground stated by the respondents in the context of the demand to set about such surgeries. This is in support of our statement which highlighted this demand as the drive factor behind the use of these processs. Assorted responses were obtained from the respondents in the context of the proviso of emotional support which clearly indicates the fact there is no installation to supply the requi re support to the patients by agencies of which they may be able to get the better of their complications or even develop the needed assurance to get by with the alterations. Peoples have besides expressed their vacillation in accepting those members of the society who indulge in surgical processs for the sweetening of their characteristics. This is clearly a society specific position where the positions may differ from society to society. A bulk of the respondents were unsure of the effectivity of the surgical processs and were non certain whether these effects lasted everlastingly or for a specific continuance. In this respect it should be noted that the proviso of equal public consciousness is quintessential for keeping the efficiency and effectivity of the procedure. About 80 % of the respondents have agreed to the fact that these processs have been extremely good in the development of ego assurance in the people and the people have been enabled to do themselves more presentable to the society. Assorted responses were obtained when the respondents were asked whether people could be driven to compulsion and dependence with regard to these processs. Similar responses were obtained in the instance of the hazards associated with these processs which farther strengthen the demand for public consciousness to be made in this respect.Recommendation:In order to guarantee the effectivity of the plastic surgery process, the undermentioned recommendations are made: Awareness should be generated among the people sing the hazards involved with these processs and the results / complications which could develop if equal precautional steps are non undertaken. The outlooks from the process should be maintained realistically with no extraordinary and bizarre purposes being defined by the people. Tested and adequately certified processs should be sought by the patients in order to minimise the hazard of the development of station operative complications. The patients should measure their ain personal physical features and the resiliency of the immune systems before set abouting any process. The society should be encouraged to accept people in their existent individuality without specifying rigorous positions based on physical features. This is a signifier of complete biasness towards the members of the several society.Decision:Plastic Surgery is decidedly a great tool for rectifying physical malformations and get the better ofing societal carelessness due to the presence of these malformations in a individual. However the abuse of this blessing has resulted in the lives of many people with an every bit big population still enduring from the desperate effects of the surgeries. Most of these effects are realized after a important clip has elapsed after the surgery has been conducted. It is quintessential for people to understand the hazards associated with these processs before choosing for it. The disenchantment offered by widespread promotion of such processs by famous persons has endangered the wellness and lives of many who undergo this life changing process merely to accomplish flawlessness immediately. A thorough cognition of such surgeries should be availed to salvage non merely 1 ‘s ain life and wellness but besides of those who have been influenced into choosing for such processs. Hence the deductions of plastic surgery portray a important negative impact on the people ( Holley, 2011 )

Informative Speech On Movie Music - 919 Words

Speech Title: Making Movie Music Specific Purpose: To inform you of three of the greatest movie score composers of our time and the significance they hold. Central Idea: Three of the greatest composers of our time are John Williams, Hans Zimmer, and Alan Menken and they all hold great significance in the world of moving scoring. Introduction I. AG: When you think of Disney movies, what comes to mind? Of course, the fun melodies twinkled throughout the movies. What about your favorite heroes like superman or Indiana Jones? You might think of the awe-inspiring overtures associated with them. II. Topic/Purpose: I am going to inform you of three of the greatest composers of our time and the significance they hold. III. Relate to†¦show more content†¦Chairman of the institute’s board of trustee’s is quoted as saying, â€Å"John Williams has written the soundtrack to our lives†. c. Williams is by far most well-known for his work for the â€Å"Star Wars† series but he also did themes for the first â€Å"Jaws†, the â€Å"Indiana Jones† series, and the first 3 movies of the â€Å"Harry Potter† series. *Now that I have introduced you to who I would deem one of the fathers of modern cinema scoring, let’s talk about someone who has done great work in some more modern films* II. The second of these great composers is Hans Zimmer. Though he has a very eclectic film scoring record—from The Lion King to Dark Knight, for example—a common theme of his is producing very dramatic scores, always aiming to give the audience â€Å"an emotional experience†. a. Despite the not so well-known name, he has composed the soundtracks for many popular movies b. In contrast to Williams, Zimmer has adopted and embraced modern technologies for music creation and has even condensed his popular scores down to be done with a band at music festivals. c. Easily the most recognizable music created by Zimmer would be the song â€Å"He’s a Pirate† from the â€Å"Pirates of the Caribbean† films. Some other movies he’s done work for are â€Å"Interstellar†, â€Å"Inception†, and â€Å"The Da Vinci Code†. *While John Williams and Hans Zimmer compose dramatic scores for mainly action-filled movies, the third of these composers dedicates his talents toShow MoreRelatedFilm Analysis : Film Scores886 Words   |  4 PagesSPC 2608 INFORMATIVE FULL SPEAKING OUTLINE SPEECH TITLE: Film Scores 101 SPECIFIC PURPOSE: My purpose is to inform my audience about the history of film scores, how they are made, and how film scores have changed recently because of technology. CENTRAL IDEA/THESIS: Film scores are an undoubtedly important part of the movie watching experience, however you may not know about how they were first introduced, the process it takes to make them, or how they have changed over time. INTRODUCTION:Read MoreReview : Strange Questions On The Psychopath Test 719 Words   |  3 PagesVincent DeLaurentis Speech 100A April 27, 2015 Professor Priebe Jon Ronson: Strange Answers to the Psychopath Test Mr. Ronson starts out with a brief story. He was visiting a friend, and sitting there was a DSM Manual. This is the book of all mental disorders. Currently it has 374 disorders. He then goes into talking about the disorders he has. This of course was all in a joking manner. He then talks about scientologist and how they can disprove psychiatry by meeting a man named Tony in BroadmoorRead More junk and shit Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesRoman gladiators to Hollywood productions and Broadway musicals, people have always loved to be entertained. The forms of entertainment have changed, but not the effects that they have on the spectators. Movies, Television, Musicals, and even Music itself, all have a profound effect on the people who loose themselves in the magical (and sometimes hypnotic) charm of the entertainment. It is a way to escape the everyday hustle and bustle of the sometimes chaotic â€Å"real world† and just get lostRead MoreReno Philharmonic Orchestra At The Pioneer Center1103 Words   |  5 Pages Langsam, schleppend II. Kraftig bewegt, doch nicht zu schnell III. Feierlich und gemessen, ohne zu schleppen IV. Sturmich bewegt Before the concert began the Reno Phil director Laura Jackson held a preview discussion to offer her insights on the music that were in store for the evening. Ms. Jackson started by telling the patrons that the violin concerto that we were about to hear was like â€Å"spring†. As she continued we were informed that Mr. Benjamin Beilman was going to be playing on an â€Å"AntonioRead MoreDo The Right Thing?1202 Words   |  5 Pagescan lead to violence. The film has several ethnicities within a small area along a time line of one day. The film has many, informative methods in which it describe the various diversity issues of all the characters within the movie. For example, Sal’s pizzeria which is owned by an Italian American has pictures of famous Italian Americans on the wall and plays Italian music. One character named Buggin Out is always upset. Bugging out hates the fact that there are no black people pictures on theRead MoreEssay on Informative Speech1043 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Informative Speech Have you ever wondered why you communicate better with some people than others or why some jobs seem more appealing to you. Or maybe, you are super detail-oriented and organized and it drives you crazy when your partner in the group work isnt. As much as we often get frustrated with others in our life who dont think the same way we do. As much as we like to think we are right. The truth is our personality types are just different. Today, we will be looking at Myers-BrigssRead MoreTelevision Greatly Affects Our Lives Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pageshealth, family problems. Men cannot imagine their life without a regular watch football and hockey games, TV shows about cars, science and technology, and the children from an early age are passionate about childrens animated series and watching informative and entertainment channels. Many remember that before schedule the airing favorite TV show or sports broadcasts could only learn from the newspaper. But those days are long gone and become history. Today, there are great, very comfortable sitesRead MorePeer Pressure2910 Words   |  12 Pagesbe a welcome break from citing Mark Anthony s oft quoted, Friends, Romans, Countrymen... speech. A good debate topic does not necessarily need to be a political topic. It can be funny, informative, contemplative, social, economical - the categories are endless. Debate topics for students need to be chosen keeping in mind the maturity level and understanding that they may be expected to have about the speech topic at hand. Always make a shortlist of topics that will seem interesting to the targetRead MoreThe Culture Of Popular Culture Essay1920 Words   |  8 Pagesbe comprised of a variety of elements. For example, popular culture covers the most contemporary and instant aspects of our lives. These aspects can often show the characteristics of rapid change, especially in today’s highly technological and informative world in which, people are highly influenced by the universal media. Certain standards of behaviour and common beliefs are reflected in pop culture. Because of its cohesion, pop culture both influences and reflects people’s daily life. MoreoverRead More Media Does NOT Control Society Essay examples3518 Words   |  15 PagesOlay. According to Ms. Steinem, what we pick up from the newsstand or have delivered in our mail every month is all fluff because of such advertisers. Oh, womens magazines... everyone knows theyre just catalogs (Steinam 275). In the movie, How to Lose a Guy in Ten Days a woman journalist, Andie Anderson, who worked for such an advertisers dream magazine, and wanted to have the freedom to write about politics and current events and things that were intellectually stimulating and not

Sexual Harassment And The Civil Rights Act Of 1964

What is sexual harassment? The Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network defines sexual harassment as, â€Å"unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature in which submission to or rejection of such conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual s work or school performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work or school environment† (Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network, 2009). In the United States Sexual harassment is an illegal behavior and a form of discrimination based upon sex and forbidden within the workplace by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 under Title VII (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, n.d.) also within an educational institution by the Education Amendment Acts of 1972 under Title IX (United States Department of Labor, n.d.). There are two types of sexual harassment: quid pro quo and hostile environment. Quid pro quo sexual harassment is based upon sexual favors. In a work environment this type of harassment could be seen as a leader telling an employee they will not receive more salary, an advancement opportunity, or they may even lose their job if the employee does not follow through with the sexual favors. This type of sexual harassment could also be seen in an educational setting where an educator or member of the education system uses their place of position and power to get a student to perform sexual favors in order to receive a higher grade or even toShow MoreRelatedSexual Harassment And The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesScott St. Clair Gina Olmo December 15, 2016 Background of Sexual Harassment Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination. Federal law as well as various state fair-employment laws prohibit employers with 15 or more employees from treating members of one sex or race differently from members of the opposite sex or another race in terms, conditions, or privileges of employment. The statutory and regulatory laws govern the entire employment processRead MoreAddressing Employment Law Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesAddressing Employment Law Civil Rights Act of 1964 The National Archives gives back ground on the (Civil Rights Act of 1964). National Archives website, www.archives.gov is full of archives regarding the United States. There is a session for teacher, that allows the site to be used as a resource. The (Civil Rights Act of 1964) was a response to a question presented, is the 14th Amendment being upheld. Society question the government, are certain groups of people being denied social justiceRead MoreHelp for Sufferers of Discrimination and Harassment in the Workplace1430 Words   |  6 PagesCivil Rights Act of 1991 Once upon a time our great nation was not so great. Blacks and women of every race did not have rights like we do now. They were not allowed to vote, work and get paid for equal work. Blacks and whites were separated, they were not allowed to do or go anywhere there was a white establishment. There were many protests at this time in our history and many people were hurt and/or died during political demonstrations. An epic moment in time was when John F. Kennedy broughtRead MoreEssay on Sexual Harassment1046 Words   |  5 Pagesvictim of sexual pressure. These instances can take place at work, school, the military and even at church. But exactly what is sexual exploitation or unwanted sexual behavior? After looking at several definitions for sexual abuse I came across the following definition that I feel will help all of us to better understand what inappropriate sexual behavior is. Sexual harassment was defined by The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) as unwelcome a dvances and requests for sexual behaviorRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641078 Words   |  5 Pages Immanuel Kant once said â€Å"In law a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others. In ethics he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so.† (Kant, n.d.). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 includes prohibition of sex discrimination which includes sexual harassment and hostile work environment. An example will be used to help define the law that is relevant to sexual harassment and hostile work environments, along with describing the facts of the case. A view on current lessons learned andRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Workplace1697 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Harassment in the Work Place: Building More Awareness In today’s society, sexual harassment in the workplace has become a problem. This problem should have more attention and awareness provided to help stop these situations from happening. Sexual harassment can happen anywhere, at any time, and to everyone. It does not discriminate and effects all ethnicity, genders, age, and races. Due to the larger number of cases presented in courts today, sexual harassment in the workplace continues toRead MoreEssay on Sexual Harassment809 Words   |  4 PagesSexual Harassment Sexual Harassment can take many forms; including a request for sexual favors; unwelcome sexual advances towards others, verbal, physical, or foreseeable conduct of a sexual nature towards people. This illegal conduct could occur in houses, or public places, hotels, restaurants, and can most often occur in the workplace. Employers, especially in the service industries, should pay careful attention to complaints by employees about customer conduct. An employer can be held liableRead MoreEssay about Civil Rights and Equal Employment Opportunity1121 Words   |  5 Pagessince the Civil Rights Act of 1964 took effect nearly 50 years ago. Our current President is of African American decent, we not only have women sitting on the U.S. Supreme Court, but minority Justices as well. Still, with the leaps and bounds we as a country have made, discrimination still exists in not only our daily lives, but in the job market as well. Anti-discrimination legislation has been part of our country’s history for 145 years. In 1866, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in hopesRead MoreConstructive Discharge767 Words   |  4 Pagesan infringement on her religious beliefs and she is claiming discrimination and constructive discharge based on Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Constructive Discharge and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits intentional discrimination or â€Å"practices that have the effect of against any person based on race, national origin, sexual preference, religion or disability discriminating against individuals because of their race, color, national origin, religion,Read MoreEssay on Title Vii1020 Words   |  5 Pagesa job before the 1964 Congress enacted the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. Title VII was one of the major legislation that was a direct result of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. A famous civil rights leader by the name of Martin Luther King Jr. Was very instrumental in obtaining this act and he believed that everyone should be treated fairly and that minorities should not be given a job based upon the color of their skin. Congress must have agreed because in 1964 President Lyndon